The purpose with this examination is to build a measureequipment to AerotechTelub AB (AT), who will registrate fault in SRAM-memory in contact with Cosmic radiation. The equipment will be created around developcard from Memec Design with FPGA from Xilinx. The logic in the FPGA will be implemented with the hardwaredescribed language VHDL. The SRAM-memory that will be tested is build in CMOS-teknologi. The memorycells will be loaded with a predecided bitpattern.

This paper describes how radiation affects the body, the somatic and genetic effect that can occure in exposure of ionizing radiation and how to protect yourself against it. How radiation affects the cells and why you can get cancer if you get exposed of a large amount of radiation is mentioned. Research after a threshold is mentioned and what Sweden does today to improve the radiation protection by laws and regulations. Explaining the atom, what radiation is and how the ionizing radation interacts with the atom. How backscatter affect the picture and the workers and how to protect yourself from backscatter is mentioned. Radiation doses, dosimetry and rules for those who practise radiation is shortly described..

När vi inledde vårt uppsatsskrivande var Landstinget i Värmland i färd med att införa ett nytt standardsystem för vårdinformatik. Systemet var Cambio Cosmic, och vi fick uppdraget att utvärdera dess användbarhet.Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka om användarna anser att systemet är anpassat till dem. Vi ville även se om systemet Cambio Cosmic brister i användbarheten ur teoretisk synpunkt, samt om några förändringar skulle kunna göras för att förbättra dessa eventuella brister.Utvärderingen utfördes i två steg. Först genomfördes en heuristisk utvärdering av systemet, under vilken vi själva utvärderade Cambio Cosmic enligt elva på förhand fastställda användbarhetsprinciper. Med den heuristiska utvärderingens resultat som bas, utformade vi sedan ett användningstest som genomfördes med sex testpersoner.

In healthcare there is a rapid development towards introducing and implementing a wide range of information technology (IT) to aim for higher quality and more effective care. A common health information system (Cambio Cosmic) has been implemented in Landstinget Kronoberg. Clinical microsystems are the frontline units where staff and pa-tient meet. When the conditions in the microsystems are changed, it is interesting to de-scribe and analyse the consequences.The purpose of this study is to describe how health care staff uses a health information sys-tem and how they experience its functionality in their patient work. Initially, a literature re-view about the use of health information system was undertaken, followed by a qualitative case study based on interviews about how healthcare staff describes their reality.

The objective of this thesis is to make a training material for KSU, which shows how radiation affects the different electronic components in a radiological environment.All electronic systems in the presence of high ionizing radiation can experience difficulties and be destroyed.This influence may compromise the control system and thus the safety of a nuclear reactor plant.To achieve this objective requires a description of electronic components and sensors, to better understand its function.This thesis will also show the possible solutions available that the author found interesting.Organizations such as NASA, CERN and ESA have worked to develop electronic components immune to radiation. Those organizations have also developed a test protocol that guarantees to a certain extent the security of electronic components in a radiological environment.Since we know how the material reacts with the radiation, it could develop a material that can be resistant to radiation or like CMOS technology has proposed, to reduce the component to avoid the storage of charge in the oxide.Another solution can be the GRAPHENE. Its features will revolutionize the electronics and provide answer to the radiation problems, Graphene will replace Silicium and the electronic components will only have a few nanometers dimensions so the oxide area also reduces, and in this way avoid the known problem of storage of charge..

Sammanfattning: SAAB Communication i Linköping sysslar med konsultverksamhet mot ett flertal nationella och internationella företag inom både den civila och militära sektorn. Fokus ligger på flyget med uppdrag inom telesystem, radiosystem, signaturanpassning, EMC, atmosfärisk påverkan mm. I det sistnämnda ingår även kosmisk strålnings inverkan på elektronik. Den fortsatta miniatyriseringen av elektronik, speciellt minneselektronik leder till ökad känslighet mot den kosmiska partikelstrålningen som ständigt regnar ner på jorden, därför är det extra noga att minnen testas innan de sätts i bruk vid flygburna system. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att konstruera en provplattform som registrerar fel som uppkommer i ett DDR2 SDRAM minne vid påverkan av den ovannämnda strålningen.

Sammanfattning: SAAB Communication i Linköping sysslar med konsultverksamhet mot ett flertal nationella och internationella företag inom både den civila och militära sektorn. Fokus ligger på flyget med uppdrag inom telesystem, radiosystem, signaturanpassning, EMC, atmosfärisk påverkan mm. I det sistnämnda ingår även kosmisk strålnings inverkan på elektronik. Den fortsatta miniatyriseringen av elektronik, speciellt minneselektronik leder till ökad känslighet mot den kosmiska partikelstrålningen som ständigt regnar ner på jorden, därför är det extra noga att minnen testas innan de sätts i bruk vid flygburna system. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att konstruera en provplattform som registrerar fel som uppkommer i ett DDR2 SDRAM minne vid påverkan av den ovannämnda strålningen. Detta examensarbete är en vidareutveckling av en provplattform baserad på en FPGA ? lösning.

Cancer is one of the most feared diseases in veterinary medicine today, and the incidence is higher than ever due to the fact that our companion animals live longer then they did ten to twenty years ago. Cancer is also one of the most common causes of mortality in older companion animals. This literature review will be about two of the currently most common form of cancer treatment of companion animals in Swedish animal hospitals, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. There will also be a section of general nursing care for cancer patients. The section of chemotherapy will describe the indications for choosing chemotherapy, the way to administrate chemotherapeutic drugs, describe specific chemotherapeutic drugs, potential side effects of chemotherapy, and how to handle and store chemotherapeutic drugs safely. The section of radiation therapy will describe the current devices for delivering radiation therapy, describe the indications for choosing radiation therapy and describe potential side effects that radiation therapy may cause.

In this report an MCNP (Monte Carlo N-Particle) model is described for the reactor vessel at Ringhals 2. The model is validated against the specific activity in neutron dosimeters, extracted in 1977, 1984 and 1994. The validation showed that the calculations of the model are within the requirements of a maximum of 20 percent uncertainty for every neutron dosimeter except one, extracted after the first cycle. The uncertainty of this cycle was mostly due to the operation data rather than to the MCNP model.The model has been used to investigate various questions concerning radiation damage. The reliability of the traditional measure of radiation damage, fast neutron flux (En > 1MeV) has been evaluated.  This has been done by taking the ratio for this and another measure of radiation damage, DPA (Displacement Per Atom), for various positions and layers.

Ett identifierat riskområde inom hälso- och sjukvården är hantering av läkemedel och för att höja patientensäkerheten bör läkemedelshanteringen säkerställas. Vi har i en kvalitativ studie genom att använda flera olika metoder, så kallad triangulering, undersökt och beskrivit processen delning av läkemedel inom slutenvården. Vårt syfte var att identifiera risker och förbättringsmöjligheter och genom en fallstudie på två vårdavdelningar har vi kunnat identifiera skillnader i arbetssätt mellan vårdavdelningarna men också mellan sjuksköterskorna. För informationshantering i processen använder sig båda vårdavdelningarna av läkemedelsmodulen i vårdinformationssystemet Cosmic. Delningsprocessen på de studerade vårdavdelningarna fungerar bra men vi har kunnat identifiera förbättringsmöjligheter i den tekniska utrustningen, det vårdadministrativa systemet samt i organisationen och dess kvalitetsarbete.

X-rays are a potential risk for animal health care personnel. The present study will examine the risks for scattered radiation to the personnel, if no lead gloves are used when holding an animal during the x-ray examination. Furthermore, how the impact of the exposure values and body parts examined, affect the scattered dose to the hands of the holder. Also, the distance between the animal and the hand that holds it was evaluated to see the impact on scattered radiation exposure. Tested by a survey, to animal health care students, the frequency of the usage of lead gloves in Swedish animal hospitals was studied. According to the results from the analysis, animal health care personnel don't need to use lead gloves every time they hold an animal or a cassette during x-ray examinations.

Ett vårdsystem inom IT är ett mycket stort och komplext system som innehållermoduler med olika funktioner som behandlar vårddata för t.ex. journalföring,läkemedelshantering, remisser, ekonomisystem, planeringsstöd för olikaverksamhetsgrenar. Journalsystemet är en av de viktigaste komponenterna förlandstinget inom vårdsystemet, och information i patientjournalen ger ettgrundläggande underlag för bra vård. Det finns sex olika större journalsystem iSverige och Sveriges landsting har idag möjligheten att fritt välja vilketjournalsystem de vill använda för att bedriva sin dagliga verksamhet.Cambio Healthcare Systems är ett e-hälsoföretag som levererar bland annatvårdsystemet Cambio COSMIC. Eftersom olika vårdsystem är helt oberoende avvarandra uppstår problem när vårdinformation ska hanteras mellan olikavårdsystem.

The aim of this thesis is to investigate the electric solar potential on the Swedish island Gotland. The Gotlandic habitations have been divided into four house categories. For each category energy demand, roof area, geographic orientation androof tilt have been decided. Solar radiation data have been collected from the Swedish solar radiation model STRÅNG (STRÅNG, 2012).The buildings characteristics and the solar radiation have been used as input values in common solar formulas, the solar potential for each building category have been summed up to a total electric solar potential for the region.The electric solar potential on Gotland was calculated to 242 GWh/year with solar data from 2010. Gotlands largest city, Visby, is marked as cultural heritage by UNESCO (UNESCO, 2012).

Jönköping Small Animal Hospital is today the only clinic in Sweden to offer radiation therapy as a treatment of tumours. The body contains of billions of cells that all have to obey the regulations that are established. If a cell is exposed to a harmful substance, for example a chemical, it can be transformed into a tumourcell. Normally the body has a good defence but the tumourcell can survive and start to divide unrestrained. A tumour is starting to develop.

AbstractClimate and environmental issues are of paramount importance. Researchers agreethat we must all contribute to a reduction of gases that contribute to climatechange. Energy consumption must decrease within all sectors and the promotionof renewable sources of energy must be introduced.Each sector should aspire to decrease its energy consumption. Energyconsumption is strongly linked to waste gases that contribute to climate change.Passive houses are a part of the construction industry's methods to attain energyconservation.Passive houses are derived from low energy houses and super insulated houses. Apassive house is intended to obtain heat from the inhabitants and through theiractivities.